With 24.04, I’d make sure the correct resource agents packages are installed (now two packages compared to 22.04), resource-agents-base and resource-agents-extra.
What does linstor-gateway check-health --iscsi-backends lio report on the nodes?
I have the same situation with my setup, built following the same instructions as you. Any linstor commands shows the expected results of things being alive, but clients are not able to see them.
To use CHAP, I used the following command, but I can’t be certain it worked as no clients see the space through iscsi!